Liquid fuel cells

• Grigorii L. Soloveichik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1399–1418, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.153

• exchange membranes; direct alcohol fuel cells; direct borohydride fuel cells; electrocatalysts; liquid fuel cells; organic fuel; proton exchange membranes; Introduction Fuel cells are considered to be one of the key elements of the “hydrogen economy”, in which hydrogen generated from renewable energy

• derivatives such as carbohydrazide (N2H3)2CO have been proposed to solve this issue [165]. Carbohydrazide has 71% of the capacity of hydrazine, it is miscible with water, and it can be electrochemically oxidized in the presence of inexpensive cobalt porphyrines [165]. Direct borohydride fuel cells The high

• metal ions are confined in the anode compartment, stabilizing the pH of the anolyte. However, AEMs are not stable in concentrated alkali especially at elevated temperatures [12][13]. Another issue of direct borohydride fuel cells with AEMs is crossover of BH4− ions to the cathode, which substantially